Every country has a unique two-letter suffix that identifies web sources coming from it. This does not mean that these sources are necessarily created by that country, but that they are the resources that you would retrieve if you were to do a Google search from that country.
Let's take a look at Amazon:
https://www.amazon.com.au/
(Amazon: Australia)
https://www.amazon.co.jp/
(Amazon: Japan)
https://www.amazon.co.uk/
(Amazon: United Kingdom)
All three websites are from the same company (Amazon), but they all have slightly different URLs, and look a bit different. The wording, products, and languages are all changed to reflect the needs of the individual countries and their users.
The IANA is "responsible for coordinating some of the key elements that keep the Internet running smoothly. Whilst the Internet is renowned for being a worldwide network free from central coordination, there is a technical need for some key parts of the Internet to be globally coordinated, and this coordination role is undertaken by [them]."
Country codes can be especially useful when you are searching for information about or from a specific country. For example, if you were to want information on early childhood education programs run by the Australian government you could do this search:
The above search would give you better results than if you were to simply type " 'early childhood education' statistics Australia" into the box. This is because of the "site:.gov.au" at the beginning of the string, it is telling Google that you specifically want to search government websites from Australia (gov.au).
Another thing to think about when searching different countries is your terminology. Just because something is commonly known as one name here in the United States does not mean that it is so worldwide.
No one expects you to remember all of the country internet codes. Click on the tabs & links below to browse them here. If there is a specific country that you are looking for click on the correct tab below, then do a controlled search of this page (Ctrl+F on a PC; Cmd+F on a Mac) for that country.
To cite this LibGuide use the following templates:
APA: Northern Essex Community College Library. (Date updated). Title of page. Title of LibGuide. URL
MLA: Northern Essex Community College Library. "Title of Page." Title of LibGuide, Date updated, URL.